查看Intel CPU信息

使用i7z

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sudo apt install i7z
sudo i7z

压缩存档

  1. 实际操作是在远端SMB服务器上运行，先使用Rclone挂载到本地：rclone mount nas: /mount/nas-mount --vfs-cache-mode minimal --vfs-read-chunk-size 64M --vfs-read-chunk-size-limit 2G --allow-other
  2. 压缩：
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tar -c -C "/mount/nas-mount/111" original \
  | xz -9 -T0 > "/mount/nas-mount/111.tar.xz"

报错类

dpkg

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dpkg: warning: 'ldconfig' not found in PATH or not executable
dpkg: warning: 'start-stop-daemon' not found in PATH or not executable
dpkg: error: 2 expected programs not found in PATH or not executable
Note: root's PATH should usually contain /usr/local/sbin, /usr/sbin and /sbin

（临时）更新PATH环境变量:

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export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

缺少依赖：

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sudo apt-get install -f

-f选项会尝试修复系统上未满足的依赖关系。

Neofetch

~/.config/neofetch/config.conf
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# See this wiki page for more info:
# https://github.com/dylanaraps/neofetch/wiki/Customizing-Info
print_info() {
    info title
    info underline

    info "OS" distro
    info "Host" model
    info "Kernel" kernel
    info "CPU" cpu
    info "GPU" gpu

    info "Shell" shell
    info "Resolution" resolution

    info underline

    info "Uptime" uptime
    # info "Packages" packages
    info "DE" de
    info "WM" wm
    info "WM Theme" wm_theme
    info "Theme" theme
    info "Icons" icons
    # info "Terminal" term
    info "Terminal Font" term_font
    info "CPU Usage" cpu_usage
    info "Memory" memory

    # info "GPU Driver" gpu_driver  # Linux/macOS only
    info "Disk" disk
    # info "Battery" battery
    # info "Font" font
    # info "Song" song
    # [[ "$player" ]] && prin "Music Player" "$player"
    info "Local IP" local_ip
    # info "Public IP" public_ip
    # info "Users" users
    # info "Locale" locale  # This only works on glibc systems.

    info cols
}

...... to be full of default config

ps: 修改motd

$

样式
样式

PVE

使用本地时间进行RTC: timedatectl set-local-rtc yes

维护

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#换源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian/
nano /etc/apt/sources.list
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware


#安装部分系统工具
apt install wget curl unzip sudo -y
#给予sudo权限
nano /etc/sudoers

#安装管理面板
HAOZI_DL_URL="https://dl.cdn.haozi.net/panel"; curl -sSL -O ${HAOZI_DL_URL}/install_panel.sh && curl -sSL -O ${HAOZI_DL_URL}/install_panel.sh.checksum.txt && sha256sum -c install_panel.sh.checksum.txt && bash install_panel.sh || echo "Checksum 验证失败，文件可能被篡改，已终止操作"

安装插件 系统工具箱
安装插件 Podman
安装插件 Supervisor
安装插件 Redis
安装插件 MySQL-5.7
安装插件 PHP-8.1
安装插件 OpenResty
安装插件 phpMyAdmin（需等待前者完毕）
安装插件 Pure-FTPd
安装插件 Frp

#安装DDNS—GO
wget https://cfproxy.hzchu.top/https://github.com/jeessy2/ddns-go/releases/download/v6.7.0/ddns-go_6.7.0_linux_x86_64.tar.gz
tar xzvf ddns-go_6.7.0_linux_x86_64.tar.gz 
./ddns-go -s install
#面板内放行9876端口

#安装onep
#放行60181端口
sudo apt-get install libmagickwand-dev
mkdir /opt/onep
cd /opt/onep
wget http://192.168.1.52:51515/main
wget http://192.168.1.52:51515/config.yaml

#安装探针

#配置转发Cloudreve

#安装Cloudflare tunnel

#安装tailscale
curl -fsSL https://tailscale.com/install.sh | sh
tailscale up --exit-node=
#安装docker
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker
#安装CloudflareSpeedtest
docker run -d --restart=always --name CloudflareSpeedtest-Slave \
-e MAX_MBPS=600 \
dp.rtc.ovh/genshinminecraft/cloudflarespeedtest-slave:v0.0.6

#安全性调优 https://dusays.com/737/

#安装pip
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
sudo python3 get-pip.py --break-system-packages  
nano ~/.bashrc
 > alias pi='pip install --break-system-packages'

缺少依赖

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-bash: ./artalk: cannot execute: required file not found
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ldd ./artalk

# libc.musl-x86_64.so.1 => not found
sudo apt install musl

清理日志

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sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=3d  # 只保留近3天的日志

初始化并挂载硬盘

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root@ubuntu:~# sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Creating filesystem with 122096646 4k blocks and 30531584 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 5bc06fda-bfdc-49b0-b370-f6fbea5534a0
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done     

root@ubuntu:~# sudo mount /dev/vdb /mnt/hdd

root@ubuntu:~# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vdb        458G   28K  435G   1% /mnt/hdd


root@ubuntu:~# sudo blkid /dev/vdb
/dev/vdb: UUID="5bc06fda-bfdc-49b0-b370-f6fbea5534a0" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"


sudo nano /etc/fstab

# 添加：
# UUID=xxxx-xxxx  /mnt/hdd  ext4  defaults  0  0


# 验证

systemctl daemon-reload
sudo umount /mnt/hdd 
sudo mount -a

中文乱码

Linux解决nano中文乱码

关闭历史记录

Linux中禁用命令历史记录 - zhuxiaoxi - 博客园

apt-get临时使用ipv4

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sudo apt-get -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true update
sudo apt-get -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true install <软件包名>

tcpdump: Couldn’t find user ‘tcpdump’

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lsattr /etc/passwd
chattr -i /etc/passwd
vim /etc/passwd
添加tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
chattr +i /etc/passwd

Error: unknown pseudo-op: `.base64’

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sudo apt install --reinstall binutils

提取光盘镜像

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aaa@aaa:~$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sr0     11:0    1   5.2M  0 rom
aaa@aaa:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sr0
Disk /dev/sr0: 5.21 MiB, 5464064 bytes, 2668 sectors
Disk model: DVDRAM GT30N    
Units: sectors of 1 * 2048 = 2048 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048 bytes / 2048 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 2048 bytes / 2048 bytes
aaa@aaa:~$ blkid /dev/sr0
/dev/sr0: BLOCK_SIZE="2048" UUID="2022-12-12-01-52-28-00" LABEL="EPSON" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="mac"

aaa@aaa:~$ sudo umount /dev/sr0 2>/dev/null
aaa@aaa:~$ sudo dd if=/dev/sr0 of=disc.iso bs=2048 status=progress conv=noerror,sync
4704256 bytes (4.7 MB, 4.5 MiB) copied, 9 s, 520 kB/s
2668+0 records in
2668+0 records out
5464064 bytes (5.5 MB, 5.2 MiB) copied, 9.92761 s, 550 kB/s

usermod：未找到命令

bash: usermod：未找到命令 - InkYi - 博客园

Oracle移除监控程序

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snap remove oracle-cloud-agent
snap remove oracle-cloud-agent-updater

使用DHCPv6获取ipv6地址

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sudo dhclient -6 -v <网卡>

检查能不能收到路由器的 RA 广播

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sudo apt install ndisc6
sudo rdisc6 enp1s0

开启ZRAM

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apt install zram-tools
nano /etc/default/zramswap
# 输入
ALGO=zstd
PERCENT=50
PRIORITY=100
# EOF
systemctl restart zramswap

root@aaa:~# swapon --show
NAME       TYPE      SIZE USED PRIO
/dev/vda3  partition 976M 970M   -2
/dev/zram0 partition 3.9G   0B  100

端口范围重定向

iptables
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# IPv4
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp --dport 20000:50000 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 10020
# IPv6
ip6tables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp --dport 20000:50000 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 10020

# 删除
# 1. 将-A换成-D
# 2.1 先查看，根据输出查看
Test:~# ip6tables -t nat -L PREROUTING -n -v --line-numbers
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 371 packets, 55425 bytes)
num   pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
1       17  8847 REDIRECT   17   --  eth0   *       ::/0                 ::/0                 udp dpts:20000:50000 redir ports 10020
# 2.2 使用对应编号删除
ip6tables -t nat -D PREROUTING 1

执行某些命令临时使用代理

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# 安装proxychains
sudo apt install proxychains4  # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo yum install proxychains-ng  # RHEL/CentOS

# 配置 /etc/proxychains4.conf
# 在文件末尾修改为你的代理
[ProxyList]
socks5 127.0.0.1 1080

# 若出现某些兼容性问题，如：
#> select2: Bad file descriptor
#> Assertion 'close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF' failed at src/basic/fd-util.c:74, function safe_close(). Aborting.

# 还需要注释掉配置文件里的proxy_dns（禁用 DNS 代理）

# 实际使用时，在命令前添加proxychains4
proxychains4 curl https://example.com

1Panel内PgSQL启用timescaledb

  1. 更改镜像为timescale/timescaledb:2.29.1-pg18
  2. 在配置文件内修改shared_preload_libraries，添加timescaledb（记得取消行注释）

安装gcc 14

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# 添加Ubuntu Toolchain PPA
sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt update

sudo apt install gcc-14 g++-14

# 加入到可选列表
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-14 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-14
#> update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/gcc-14 to provide /usr/bin/gcc (gcc) in auto mode

gcc --version
#> gcc (Ubuntu 14.3.0-12ubuntu1~22~ppa2) 14.3.0
#> Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#> This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
#> warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

从源码安装 Btop

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# 克隆源码
git clone https://github.com/aristocratos/btop.git
# 添加宏标识（启用非标准/扩展函数asprintf()）
nano src/linux/intel_gpu_top/intel_gpu_top.c
# >> 添加#define _GNU_SOURCE

make
make install

构建DEB包

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sudo apt install checkinstall
# 进行静态编译
make -j$(nproc) STATIC=true
# 使用 checkinstall 生成 .deb 包
sudo checkinstall --pkgname=btop --pkgversion="1.4.7" --default

端口相关

查看端口占用

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sudo netstat -tunlp | grep 8080

参数：

  • -t TCP only
  • -u UDP only
  • -n numeric output (no DNS)
  • -l listening ports only
  • -p show PID/program name
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sudo lsof -i:8080

扫描端口

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nmap -p- --min-rate 1000 <host>

开放端口

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# TCP
nc -vz <host> <port>

# UDP
nc -vuz <host> <port>

LMS迁移位置

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cat ~/.lmstudio/.internal/llmster-install-location.json
#> {"path":"/root/.lmstudio/llmster/0.0.22-1/llmster","argv":[],"cwd":"/root/.lmstudio/llmster/0.0.22-1"}

# 更改为新位置，还有settings.json里下载位置

配置固定ip

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# 禁用 cloud-init 的网络配置功能
echo "network: {config: disabled}" | sudo tee /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg

# 修改/etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml内容为：
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp1s0:
      dhcp4: false
      dhcp6: true
      accept-ra: true
      addresses:
        - 111.111.111.111/24
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 111.111.111.254
      nameservers:
        addresses: [222.201.111.111]

网络信息

DNS

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cat /etc/resolv.conf
resolvectl status
nmcli dev show | grep -i dns

# 测试实际是哪个
dig example.com

禁用 NetworkManager 的自动生成默认连接功能

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# 打开 NetworkManager 配置文件
sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
# 在 [main] 配置块下添加 no-auto-default 配置
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[main]
# 禁用指定网卡的自动默认连接生成
no-auto-default=eno1

# 或者禁用所有网卡的自动生成：
# no-auto-default=*

设置为命令行模式

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sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target

延迟启动程序

/opt/apibox/run.sh
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#!/usr/bin/env bash

# 数据库主机与端口（根据实际情况修改 HOST 和 PORT）
DB_HOST="${DB_HOST:-127.0.0.1}"
DB_PORT="${DB_PORT:-5432}"
MAX_RETRIES=100
RETRY_INTERVAL=2

count=0
echo "正在检测数据库连通性 (${DB_HOST}:${DB_PORT})..."

# 使用 Bash 原生 /dev/tcp 检测端口状态
while ! (echo > /dev/tcp/"$DB_HOST"/"$DB_PORT") >/dev/null 2>&1; do
    count=$((count + 1))
    if [ $count -ge $MAX_RETRIES ]; then
        echo "错误：等待数据库超时 (${DB_HOST}:${DB_PORT})" >&2
        exit 1
    fi
    echo "数据库未连接，${RETRY_INTERVAL} 秒后重试 ($count/$MAX_RETRIES)..."
    sleep $RETRY_INTERVAL
done

echo "数据库连接成功，准备启动 Artalk..."

# 使用 exec 替换脚本进程，确保 Supervisor 直接控制 Apibox 的 PID 与信号
exec /opt/apibox/apibox-linux-amd64

FRPC

自动重连

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loginFailExit = false

Ubuntu大版本更新

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# 修复未安装完成的包
apt --fix-broken install
# 升级所有已安装的软件包
sudo apt upgrade -y
# 处理依赖变化、内核更新
sudo apt full-upgrade -y
# 清理不再需要的依赖和缓存
sudo apt autoremove -y
sudo apt autoclean

sudo reboot

sudo do-release-upgrade

fastfetch

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:zhangsongcui3371/fastfetch -y
sudo apt update
sudo apt install fastfetch -y

NPU

https://github.com/intel/linux-npu-driver/releases

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sudo gpasswd -a $USER render
sudo usermod -aG render $USER

处理图片EXIF信息

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apt install libimage-exiftool-perl

exiftool -all= photo.jpg          # 删除全部元数据
exiftool -GPS:All= photo.jpg      # 只删 GPS 坐标
exiftool -EXIF:All= photo.jpg     # 只删 EXIF

Wget

--content-disposition参数，使用 HTTP 头中的Content-Disposition字段来确定文件名

或者使用-O参数指定保存文件名

禁用某个显卡设备

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root@pve:~# nvidia-smi
Wed Sep 30 22:59:04 2026       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 580.178.04             Driver Version: 580.178.04     CUDA Version: 13.0     |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti     On  |   00000000:02:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 30%   43C    P8             16W /  250W |       0MiB /  11264MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
|   1  NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti     On  |   00000000:04:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
|ERR!   49C    P5           ERR!  /  250W |       0MiB /  11264MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU   GI   CI              PID   Type   Process name                        GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

屏蔽掉04:00.0

获取 GPU 1 地址

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lspci -nn | grep -i nvidia

04:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti] [10de:1b06] (rev a1)
04:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 HDMI Audio Controller [10de:10ef] (rev a1)

[xxxx:yyyy]里xxxx是厂商ID，yyyy是设备ID

使用 driverctl 屏蔽故障 GPU：

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apt install driverctl -y
driverctl set-override 0000:04:00.0 vfio-pci
driverctl set-override 0000:04:00.1 vfio-pci

生效配置并重启

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update-initramfs -u -k all
reboot

Warp

https://developers.cloudflare.com/warp-client/get-started/linux/

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sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y curl gnupg

curl -fsSL https://pkg.cloudflareclient.com/pubkey.gpg \
  | sudo gpg --yes --dearmor \
  -o /usr/share/keyrings/cloudflare-warp-archive-keyring.gpg

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cloudflare-warp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://pkg.cloudflareclient.com/ $(. /etc/os-release && echo $VERSION_CODENAME) main" \
  | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cloudflare-client.list


sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y cloudflare-warp


sudo systemctl enable --now warp-svc
warp-cli registration new
warp-cli registration show



warp-cli connect
warp-cli status
curl https://www.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/trace

作为旁路由

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# 开启转发
cat >/etc/sysctl.d/99-router.conf <<'EOF'
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF

sysctl --system

# Nat
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING \
    -s 192.168.1.0/24 \
    -o CloudflareWARP \
    -j MASQUERADE
    
# 去程转发
iptables -A FORWARD \
    -i eth0 \
    -o CloudflareWARP \
    -s 192.168.1.0/24 \
    -j ACCEPT
    
# 回程转发
iptables -A FORWARD \
    -i CloudflareWARP \
    -o eth0 \
    -d 192.168.1.0/24 \
    -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED \
    -j ACCEPT

留下你的足迹吧~